Course Expectations
536 (CP) Computer Graphics I
Grades 9, 10, 11, 12
Prerequisite – None
5 per/wk – 5 credits
Full Year Course
I. Course Overview
Create original artwork on the Macintosh computer using Adobe Photoshop and Adobe Illustrator, the digital camera, the scanner, and the drawing tablet. You will develop skills with the digital tools and techniques used for graphic design and digital publishing, animation, web design, digital photography, and creative, independent computer art projects. You will use the tools of the Apple lab for artistic expression and creative exploration.
II. Successful Learning
III. 21st Century Learning Expectations
Consistent with the school’s mission and 21st Century Learning Skills, Art & Design students are engaged in modes of artistic and creative expression and critical thinking every day. They are presented with extensive opportunities for growth in creating, presenting, responding, and connecting. Students are encouraged to develop skills that teach them accountability, adaptability and tenacity in their academic, social, and civic interactions. Students will work both independently and collaboratively to solve artistic and conceptual problems, acquiring skills to generate their own questions and investigate independent topics of interest related to the concepts being taught. They will synthesize and relate knowledge and personal experiences to make art, and they will convey meaning through the presentation of artistic work. Students will apply a variety of problem-solving strategies, which may involve generating and conceptualizing artistic ideas through writing or brainstorming; organizing and developing these ideas through drafting, revising, and refining for presentation; working spontaneously and experimentally; and processing feedback from peers.
Students will participate in a classroom environment where they are nurtured to act with integrity in all academic endeavors and to exhibit respect for themselves and empathy for others. They will learn to speak honestly and respectfully to classmates and respect their opinions in discussions and in group critiques of student work. They will interpret meaning and intent in artistic work, and they will use the vocabulary of art in a way that demonstrates informed, critical decision-making, applying criteria to evaluate artistic work. They will exhibit responsible citizenship by maintaining their tools and work space; assisting and serving as resources for classmates; and considering the relevance of art in a local, global and digital society. Students will relate their artistic ideas and works with societal, cultural and historical context to deepen understanding, studying the work of famous artists and artwork from different cultures and eras.
As a student in this course, you will be expected to:
These expectations align with the school’s mission statement.
IV. Expected Outcomes
By the completion of the Computer Graphics I course, successful students will be able to:
V. Topics/ Content
Essential Questions:
Topics and Skills:
BHS Essential Questions
This year’s school-wide essential question is: How do we build resilience?
While spending the 2019-2020 school year contemplating how to strive for real and lasting happiness, repeated themes arose. Though students recognized that happiness is not a static goal to achieve, but rather a process of growth and exploration, they also acknowledged that to engage in that process they need to build self awareness and resilience.
Grade 9: What makes up my identity and how does my identity impact my role as a community member?
Grade 10: Why is it crucial to question our assumptions and seek multiple perspectives?
Grade 11: How can I identify and understand patterns and values in a community? Where did they originate and what is their impact?
Grade 12: How can I use my skills, resources, and knowledge to better myself and/or my community?
Whole School: How do we build resilience?
With these changes, we go from (9) thinking about who we/you are to (10) understanding others' experiences to (11) identifying what works well in a community or what problems exist in a community to (12) working to solve problems or further successes.
VI. Assessing Progress
Types of Assessment:
Your grade will be based primarily on the portfolio of work for the quarter. Depending on duration and level of difficulty, each project may weigh from 5% to 35% of the term grade.
Homework will be assigned as necessary to enrich learning, or to initiate or expedite progress on projects. I.e., certain steps will need to be completed outside of class in order to complete your in-class work in a timely manner.
Each homework assignment will typically weigh 2% to 5% of your term grade.
You will be required to meet tight deadlines on class projects by spending time in the lab outside of regular class time. You must allocate time in your weekly schedule to computer work for this class.
Active participation in critiques of your work and the work of your classmates will be worth a significant portion of your term grade. The critique is quite an important part of the art-making process. Not only does your understanding of your work help to enlighten your peers and myself, but it also helps you to substantiate the work that you have done. There is nothing more gratifying than successfully being able to explain, and defend, the work that you have done. Your participation in critiques is a must. I need to hear your opinion in order to grade you on this portion of the class.
Grading Criteria:
You will generally be graded on a combination of concept, design, technical quality, and participation.
These are the tools we use to measure your success:
VII. Classroom Expectations
Artistic Integrity and Plagiarism
As in all other courses in our school, no form of cheating or plagiarism will be tolerated. For any infraction of cheating or plagiarism (including the first), the student will receive a zero on the assignment or assessment, and parents/guardians will be notified, as per the student handbook. The definition of plagiarism is “to steal and pass off the ideas or words of another as one's own.” Please note that plagiarism includes all forms of stealing words or ideas, including copying from books, web sites, or each other.
So what does this look like in the art room?
The benefits and desirability of working from direct observation and direct personal experience will be stressed throughout the course, and many of our class projects will be focused on working “from life” to help build your skills and understanding in this area. Artwork is to be unique and original. Images produced by others (drawings, paintings, even photographs) are the property of those artists and cannot be claimed as your own. There are however special circumstances that govern the use of “appropriated images”, and these we will discuss as issues present themselves, but before you turn in a project that includes them. Any work that makes use of (appropriates) photographs, published images, and/or the work of someone else must show substantial and significant development beyond duplication. This is demonstrated through manipulation of the materials, processes, and/or ideas of the source. The student’s individual vision should be clearly evident. It is unethical, constitutes plagiarism, and often violates copyright law simply to copy someone else’s work or imagery (even in another medium) and represent it as one’s own.
Our rule of thumb is: ask or discuss before you turn in work that uses images not created by your own hand. In general, use of these “pre-existing images” (such as a drawn copy of a professional photograph) would not be acceptable.
Artistic integrity is something we will discuss throughout the course. You will be expected to explain how your work shows your individual vision in discussions with the instructor, with your peers, in regular critiques, and in writing. In these discussions, in your journal entries, and in other regular documentation of your creative processes, you will be challenged to identify and describe your sources of inspiration, your influences, and how you have used them to make something truly your own.
In critiques, in check-ins and in writing, citing sources of inspiration will be an essential part of our dialogue as well as of your documentation of your processes. You are encouraged to keep a “scrapbook” section in a sketchbook, pasting in your influences and inspirations with notes.
References and Resources:
Students are encouraged to investigate a variety of creative art and design resources to enhance their aesthetic understanding and generate possibilities for investigation. You can do this by digging into the large collection of art reproductions in our classroom, through books and magazines, visits to museums, and online. Visiting the websites of particular artists and designers can provide an in-depth understanding of influences, inspiration, and process. We will often refer to, read from, and view and discuss artwork from Google Arts & Culture, where there is so much to see! Try the “Explore” button, where you can use the Art Camera to zoom into famous master paintings, experience culture in 360 degrees, and tour the world’s greatest museums and other landmarks using “Street View”. Or choose categories to discover the most well-known artists and masterworks in history.
In the art room, you can access an extensive collection of art magazines going back decades, as well as a small but rich library of books on art history, contemporary art, illustration and other applied arts. Students will engage with a wide variety of potential sources of inspiration for portfolio development, including print and digital art and design magazines such as:
The course will also present regular in-class screenings of short videos on contemporary artists and designers from sources such as Art 21: Art in the 21st Century, TED.com: Visual Art, and PBS Learning Media: Visual Art, as well as the occasional longer documentary film.
We will dig into many of these resources in class, but I encourage you to explore them on your own as well.
For a longer and richer list of helpful online resources, visit the BHS Art & Design Resources Page at burlingtonhighschoolart.weebly.com/resources.html
VIII. Homework/Make-up Policy
Homework may take the following forms:
If you are absent on the day a project or other assignment is due, you are expected to turn in your work on your first day back to school.
Since many homework assignments are generally projects that are given a week in advance, if you are absent on the day a homework project is assigned, you will be expected to turn the project in on its due date.
In the event of a long absence, you will be given time equivalent to the number of days absent to make up the work, unless you request an extension well before the due date, and it is approved by the instructor.
You will likely not be given extensions for work missed due to family vacations outside of the school calendar.
Some assignments that are done outside of class may be categorized as “homework.” When this is the case, proper time should be given to complete the project and equipment turned in within the allotted time frame. If you are absent the day homework is assigned, it is your responsibility to find out what you missed. You may ask peers, ask me directly, or check the website.
Late projects will be accepted after the due date. However, you will be marked down one letter grade for every late day. If you are absent on the due date, then the assignment must be turned in upon return for full credit. Tests and quizzes must be made-up within three school days of original schedule.
Because of the nature of a studio course (where most of the work is completed during class time), if a student misses class for any reason they should check in with me to get caught up on what they missed and will still be responsible for the assignment (which will usually be on-going).
IX. Technology Policy
Students should refer to the acceptable use policy in the student handbook regarding technology. The iPad should only be used for taking notes during lectures or for tasks assigned by the teacher. In addition, games and social networking apps are not permitted during class time. Cell phones are not permitted to be used in the classroom unless approved by the instructor.
X. Additional Information
I encourage students to seek extra help whenever they feel they are falling behind. I will always arrange a time to sit down with you if you ask.
Please feel free to contact me at school: 781.273.7024 (the art dept. office), or by e-mail at [email protected] .
I almost always arrive at the school by 7 am. I can usually be found in Room 211, 213, or 215.
BHS Art website
These course expectations, other documents, and much more information important for your success in this course will be found on my Teacher Pages at the following link:
burlingtonhighschoolart.weebly.com or burlingtonhighschoolart.org
Scroll down, then click on the course name.
You will be expected to access this site on a regular basis. On it you will find any homework assignments, the current class project, contests and art opportunities, weekend workshops and classes, links to art schools, galleries of student artwork, and answers to many of your questions.
What you will need:
A USB drive
It will be helpful, but it is not required, to carry a sketchbook
Grades 9, 10, 11, 12
Prerequisite – None
5 per/wk – 5 credits
Full Year Course
I. Course Overview
Create original artwork on the Macintosh computer using Adobe Photoshop and Adobe Illustrator, the digital camera, the scanner, and the drawing tablet. You will develop skills with the digital tools and techniques used for graphic design and digital publishing, animation, web design, digital photography, and creative, independent computer art projects. You will use the tools of the Apple lab for artistic expression and creative exploration.
II. Successful Learning
- LOOK carefully at things. Understand the importance of observation and reflection.
- Appreciate and respect the process of art-making.
- Ask questions.
- Challenge yourself. – If there seems to be a simple solution, push yourself to find a more creative one.
- Experiment. Take risks with your art.
- Be open to suggestions.
- Be aware of how other artists solve similar problems.
- Make productive use of your time.
- Be willing to rework an assignment.
- Remember that you are working on unique, original solutions to visual problems.
- Take advantage of your sketchbook and draw independently and often.
- Visit museums and galleries.
- Look at art in books and magazines.
III. 21st Century Learning Expectations
Consistent with the school’s mission and 21st Century Learning Skills, Art & Design students are engaged in modes of artistic and creative expression and critical thinking every day. They are presented with extensive opportunities for growth in creating, presenting, responding, and connecting. Students are encouraged to develop skills that teach them accountability, adaptability and tenacity in their academic, social, and civic interactions. Students will work both independently and collaboratively to solve artistic and conceptual problems, acquiring skills to generate their own questions and investigate independent topics of interest related to the concepts being taught. They will synthesize and relate knowledge and personal experiences to make art, and they will convey meaning through the presentation of artistic work. Students will apply a variety of problem-solving strategies, which may involve generating and conceptualizing artistic ideas through writing or brainstorming; organizing and developing these ideas through drafting, revising, and refining for presentation; working spontaneously and experimentally; and processing feedback from peers.
Students will participate in a classroom environment where they are nurtured to act with integrity in all academic endeavors and to exhibit respect for themselves and empathy for others. They will learn to speak honestly and respectfully to classmates and respect their opinions in discussions and in group critiques of student work. They will interpret meaning and intent in artistic work, and they will use the vocabulary of art in a way that demonstrates informed, critical decision-making, applying criteria to evaluate artistic work. They will exhibit responsible citizenship by maintaining their tools and work space; assisting and serving as resources for classmates; and considering the relevance of art in a local, global and digital society. Students will relate their artistic ideas and works with societal, cultural and historical context to deepen understanding, studying the work of famous artists and artwork from different cultures and eras.
As a student in this course, you will be expected to:
- Apply a variety of problem-solving strategies.
- Art requires much thought. You will be learning many ways to approach art-making. Some will involve writing your ideas; some will involve rough drafts; some will involve working spontaneously and experimentally; some will involve receiving and evaluating feedback from peers.
- Write effectively
- in your journal and in written critiques of artwork.
- Communicate orally
- by sharing your ideas with the class and discussing the work of others. You will be expected to use the vocabulary of art (including reference to the elements and principles of art) in a way that demonstrated informed, critical decision-making.
- Read critically
- from magazine articles on famous artists, and when working on an art history research project.
- Demonstrate self-control and respect for all individuals.
- Speak honestly and respectfully to your classmates and respect their voice and their opinions in discussions and group critiques.
- Pursue and participate in modes of artistic and creative expression EVERY DAY.
- Exhibit responsible citizenship.
- Be responsible for your tools and your workspace; assist your classmates when needed; consider how you can reach out to the rest of the school and your community with your art.
These expectations align with the school’s mission statement.
IV. Expected Outcomes
By the completion of the Computer Graphics I course, successful students will be able to:
- Use and discuss the basic elements and principles of art.
- Demonstrate an exploratory attitude and approach to using the computer and software as tools for personal expression
- Manage files and information within the MacIntosh environment
- Use Macintosh computers, printers, scanners, digital cameras, graphics tablets, and graphics software to solve visual problems.
- Properly maintain computer equipment.
- Analyze, discuss, and reference the works of other artists.
- Solve problems using critical and creative thinking.
- Exercise self-discipline, self-reliance, and self-motivation.
- Demonstrate an appreciation of the roles art can play in their lives and in the world.
- Express ideas and feelings through art.
- Communicate orally and in writing about their own artwork and the work of others.
- Collaborate in partnerships and/or on group projects. Help to foster a sense of community and collaboration.
- Create a portfolio of their best digital artwork.
- Take advantage of the opportunities to participate in presentations by artists, art school representatives and field trips.
- Participate in a school-wide art exhibition.
- Meet personal artistic goals.
V. Topics/ Content
Essential Questions:
- What makes good art good? What does “Quality” look like?
- What makes effective/successful digital art?
- How can I generate and develop good ideas for my art?
- How can I develop the skills to become a digital artist?
- Where can the skills of digital art-making take me?
- How can I say things in my art? How can art communicate meaning?
- From where can I draw inspiration as an artist?
- What are the options available to me as an artist?
- How are digital arts used today? What careers are available to a digital artist?
- How can I prepare myself for a creative future?
- What informs why, how, and what artists and designers make?
- How do artists and designers make works of art and design?
- Why and how do artists and designers present their work to viewers?
Topics and Skills:
- Macintosh Computer Platform Basics
- Developing Studio Habits of Mind
- Design-Thinking
- The Importance of Process - from concept to visual
- Visual problem-solving, planning, and process
- Reflection and Analysis
- Giving, Receiving, and Applying Feedback -- Critique
- Visual Thinking Exercises – Improving Your Creativity
- Conceptual Drawing for Digital Artists
- Image Capture with Digital Peripherals (Digital Camera, Scanner)
- Adobe PhotoShop, a pixel-based painting program
- Making Selections, Cutting, Pasting, Transforming
- Blending and Layering
- Digital Drawing and Painting with a Graphics Tablet
- Photo Editing and Restoration
- Using Filters
- Type Tools
- Animation
- Adobe Illustrator, a vector-based drawing program
- Drawing
- Page Layout
- Using Photoshop and Illustrator Together
- Using the Elements and Principles of Design to Create Visual Impact
- The Great Masters of Art History
- The Masters of Digital Imaging – Today’s Professional Digital Artists -- Careers
- Media Exploration - Experimenting
- Real World Applications
- Personal Expression - Making Meaning - Visual Communication
- Portfolio Development and Presentation
BHS Essential Questions
This year’s school-wide essential question is: How do we build resilience?
While spending the 2019-2020 school year contemplating how to strive for real and lasting happiness, repeated themes arose. Though students recognized that happiness is not a static goal to achieve, but rather a process of growth and exploration, they also acknowledged that to engage in that process they need to build self awareness and resilience.
Grade 9: What makes up my identity and how does my identity impact my role as a community member?
Grade 10: Why is it crucial to question our assumptions and seek multiple perspectives?
Grade 11: How can I identify and understand patterns and values in a community? Where did they originate and what is their impact?
Grade 12: How can I use my skills, resources, and knowledge to better myself and/or my community?
Whole School: How do we build resilience?
With these changes, we go from (9) thinking about who we/you are to (10) understanding others' experiences to (11) identifying what works well in a community or what problems exist in a community to (12) working to solve problems or further successes.
VI. Assessing Progress
Types of Assessment:
- Exercises
- Projects
- Presentations
- Written self-assessments
- Group critiques of student work
- Final portfolio of work
- Participation in the annual exhibition
- Midterm and Final Exams
Your grade will be based primarily on the portfolio of work for the quarter. Depending on duration and level of difficulty, each project may weigh from 5% to 35% of the term grade.
Homework will be assigned as necessary to enrich learning, or to initiate or expedite progress on projects. I.e., certain steps will need to be completed outside of class in order to complete your in-class work in a timely manner.
Each homework assignment will typically weigh 2% to 5% of your term grade.
You will be required to meet tight deadlines on class projects by spending time in the lab outside of regular class time. You must allocate time in your weekly schedule to computer work for this class.
Active participation in critiques of your work and the work of your classmates will be worth a significant portion of your term grade. The critique is quite an important part of the art-making process. Not only does your understanding of your work help to enlighten your peers and myself, but it also helps you to substantiate the work that you have done. There is nothing more gratifying than successfully being able to explain, and defend, the work that you have done. Your participation in critiques is a must. I need to hear your opinion in order to grade you on this portion of the class.
Grading Criteria:
You will generally be graded on a combination of concept, design, technical quality, and participation.
- Concept development
- Innovation / Originality / Inventiveness
- Strength and clarity in communicating ideas
- Strength of design
- Technical skill (Craftsmanship)
- Presentation
- Understanding of concepts, as demonstrated in discussion and writing
- Class participation (attendance, work habits, ambition, listening, asking questions, contributing)
- Specific criteria for each assignment
These are the tools we use to measure your success:
VII. Classroom Expectations
- Be here -- Attendance is critical to success in this program. Studio time and group critique time cannot be replicated at home. Poor attendance will have a direct bearing on your grade.
- Get to class on time
- Use your time productively
- Take responsibility for the condition of your work area – clean up thoroughly at the end of each class
- ALWAYS get permission before leaving the classroom
- Hand in your work on time
- Use of cellphones is not allowed. Cell phones are to be turned OFF or turned IN when in class. The instructor will exercise his right to confiscate the cell phone if this rule isn’t respected.
- There is to be no texting, no facebook or other social media, and no video games.
- Clean up your work area at the end of each class.
- ** Art classes will use Google Classroom, Google Drive, and teacher websites that can be found on the BHS Art & Design homepage.
Artistic Integrity and Plagiarism
As in all other courses in our school, no form of cheating or plagiarism will be tolerated. For any infraction of cheating or plagiarism (including the first), the student will receive a zero on the assignment or assessment, and parents/guardians will be notified, as per the student handbook. The definition of plagiarism is “to steal and pass off the ideas or words of another as one's own.” Please note that plagiarism includes all forms of stealing words or ideas, including copying from books, web sites, or each other.
So what does this look like in the art room?
The benefits and desirability of working from direct observation and direct personal experience will be stressed throughout the course, and many of our class projects will be focused on working “from life” to help build your skills and understanding in this area. Artwork is to be unique and original. Images produced by others (drawings, paintings, even photographs) are the property of those artists and cannot be claimed as your own. There are however special circumstances that govern the use of “appropriated images”, and these we will discuss as issues present themselves, but before you turn in a project that includes them. Any work that makes use of (appropriates) photographs, published images, and/or the work of someone else must show substantial and significant development beyond duplication. This is demonstrated through manipulation of the materials, processes, and/or ideas of the source. The student’s individual vision should be clearly evident. It is unethical, constitutes plagiarism, and often violates copyright law simply to copy someone else’s work or imagery (even in another medium) and represent it as one’s own.
Our rule of thumb is: ask or discuss before you turn in work that uses images not created by your own hand. In general, use of these “pre-existing images” (such as a drawn copy of a professional photograph) would not be acceptable.
Artistic integrity is something we will discuss throughout the course. You will be expected to explain how your work shows your individual vision in discussions with the instructor, with your peers, in regular critiques, and in writing. In these discussions, in your journal entries, and in other regular documentation of your creative processes, you will be challenged to identify and describe your sources of inspiration, your influences, and how you have used them to make something truly your own.
In critiques, in check-ins and in writing, citing sources of inspiration will be an essential part of our dialogue as well as of your documentation of your processes. You are encouraged to keep a “scrapbook” section in a sketchbook, pasting in your influences and inspirations with notes.
References and Resources:
Students are encouraged to investigate a variety of creative art and design resources to enhance their aesthetic understanding and generate possibilities for investigation. You can do this by digging into the large collection of art reproductions in our classroom, through books and magazines, visits to museums, and online. Visiting the websites of particular artists and designers can provide an in-depth understanding of influences, inspiration, and process. We will often refer to, read from, and view and discuss artwork from Google Arts & Culture, where there is so much to see! Try the “Explore” button, where you can use the Art Camera to zoom into famous master paintings, experience culture in 360 degrees, and tour the world’s greatest museums and other landmarks using “Street View”. Or choose categories to discover the most well-known artists and masterworks in history.
In the art room, you can access an extensive collection of art magazines going back decades, as well as a small but rich library of books on art history, contemporary art, illustration and other applied arts. Students will engage with a wide variety of potential sources of inspiration for portfolio development, including print and digital art and design magazines such as:
- Art & Man
- Scholastic Arts
- Art in America
- Art Forum
- ARTnews
- Communication Arts
The course will also present regular in-class screenings of short videos on contemporary artists and designers from sources such as Art 21: Art in the 21st Century, TED.com: Visual Art, and PBS Learning Media: Visual Art, as well as the occasional longer documentary film.
We will dig into many of these resources in class, but I encourage you to explore them on your own as well.
For a longer and richer list of helpful online resources, visit the BHS Art & Design Resources Page at burlingtonhighschoolart.weebly.com/resources.html
VIII. Homework/Make-up Policy
Homework may take the following forms:
- Reading and written responses
- Videos, with written responses (to provide context for graphic projects)
- Creative Thinking Challenges
- Design Challenges
- Preliminary work for class projects - sketches, drafts, collecting imagery, collecting materials
- Written critiques
If you are absent on the day a project or other assignment is due, you are expected to turn in your work on your first day back to school.
Since many homework assignments are generally projects that are given a week in advance, if you are absent on the day a homework project is assigned, you will be expected to turn the project in on its due date.
In the event of a long absence, you will be given time equivalent to the number of days absent to make up the work, unless you request an extension well before the due date, and it is approved by the instructor.
You will likely not be given extensions for work missed due to family vacations outside of the school calendar.
Some assignments that are done outside of class may be categorized as “homework.” When this is the case, proper time should be given to complete the project and equipment turned in within the allotted time frame. If you are absent the day homework is assigned, it is your responsibility to find out what you missed. You may ask peers, ask me directly, or check the website.
Late projects will be accepted after the due date. However, you will be marked down one letter grade for every late day. If you are absent on the due date, then the assignment must be turned in upon return for full credit. Tests and quizzes must be made-up within three school days of original schedule.
Because of the nature of a studio course (where most of the work is completed during class time), if a student misses class for any reason they should check in with me to get caught up on what they missed and will still be responsible for the assignment (which will usually be on-going).
IX. Technology Policy
Students should refer to the acceptable use policy in the student handbook regarding technology. The iPad should only be used for taking notes during lectures or for tasks assigned by the teacher. In addition, games and social networking apps are not permitted during class time. Cell phones are not permitted to be used in the classroom unless approved by the instructor.
X. Additional Information
I encourage students to seek extra help whenever they feel they are falling behind. I will always arrange a time to sit down with you if you ask.
Please feel free to contact me at school: 781.273.7024 (the art dept. office), or by e-mail at [email protected] .
I almost always arrive at the school by 7 am. I can usually be found in Room 211, 213, or 215.
BHS Art website
These course expectations, other documents, and much more information important for your success in this course will be found on my Teacher Pages at the following link:
burlingtonhighschoolart.weebly.com or burlingtonhighschoolart.org
Scroll down, then click on the course name.
You will be expected to access this site on a regular basis. On it you will find any homework assignments, the current class project, contests and art opportunities, weekend workshops and classes, links to art schools, galleries of student artwork, and answers to many of your questions.
What you will need:
A USB drive
It will be helpful, but it is not required, to carry a sketchbook